阅读之前
根据中华传统
黄土铺地沐浴熏香AcuteappendicitisandbathroomsinthreesamplesofBritishchildren
急性阑尾炎与浴室：三个英国儿童样本
DJPBarker,COsmond,JGolding,MEJWadsworth
BritishMedicalJournal,:-
Note：appendectomy,knownoutsidetheUnitedStatesasappendisectomyorappendicectomy
Abstract
TheoccurrenceofappendicectomyinthreenationalsamplesofBritishchildrenwasanalysedinrelationtohouseholdamenities,crowdinginthehome,andsocialclass.Theriskofhavingtheoperationdependedontheamenitiespresentinthehome,inparticularwhetherornottherewasabathroom.Thisriskwasindependentofsocialclass.
ThefindingssupportarelationbetweenacuteappendicitisandWesternhygiene,whichwouldexplainthegeographicaldistributionofthediseaseanditschangingincidenceovertime.Inthedevelopingworld,wherechildrengrowupinconditionsofpoorhygiene,theremaybeoutbreaksofappendicitiswhenhousingimproves.
摘要
本研究分析了英国儿童3个全国性样本中阑尾切除术的发生与家庭设施、居住拥挤和社会等级的关系，做这手术的风险取决于家庭设施、尤其是否拥有浴室，这个风险独立于社会等级。
这个发现支持了急性阑尾炎与西方卫生的关系，它解释了此病的地理分布以及其随时间变化的发生率。在发展中世界，那里的儿童生长在不良的卫生状况，当居住改善之后阑尾炎可能出现暴发。
Introduction
The“hygienehypothesis”suggeststhattheriseinappendicitisinBritainduringthefirsthalfofthiscenturyandthecontinuousfallthereafterwerecausedbyimprovementsinhygiene.1Increasingprovisionofhouseholdamenitiessuchasbathsandpipedhotwaterandreductionindomesticovercrowdingwereimportantpartsoftheseimprovements.TheoccurrenceofappendicectomyhasbeenrecordedinthreenationalsamplesofBritishchildren,bornin,1,andrespectively.Wereportontheriskofhavingtheoperationinrelationtohouseholdcrowding,andsocialclassineachsample.
导言
“卫生假说”提示世纪上半叶英国阑尾炎的上升以及其后的持续下降是由卫生改善引起的。家庭设施的增加供应，如浴室和管道热水以及居家拥挤的减少是这些改进的重要组成部分。阑尾切除术记录与英国儿童的三份样本中，分别出生于年、1年和年。我们报告每个样本的居家拥挤和社会阶层与做这个手术的风险。
Populationsandmethods
Thecohortwastakenfrominfants,whorepresented82%ofallinfantsbornaliveinBritainduringoneweekinMarch.2Twinsandillegitimatechildrenwerenotfollowedup.Oftheremaining,allwhowerethechildrenofnon-manualandagriculturalworkerswerefolloweduptogetherwithoneinfourchildrenofmanualworkers,givingasampleof.Informationrecordedattheageof2includedwhetherthehousehadabathroom,ahotwatersystem,andexclusiveuseofakitchenandthenumberofpeopleinthehousehold.Socialclasswasbasedontheoccupationofthefatherofthesurveychildinor,ifthiswasnotknown,.Thesamplewasstratifiedintofoursocialgroupsaccordingtoparentaloccupation,education,andclassoforigin.Duringperiodicvisituptotheageof15theoccurrenceofanappendicectomywasreportedandverifiedfromhospitalrecords.
人口与方法
年的队列是从名婴儿中获得的，他们代表了年3月的一周间占英国所有活产婴儿的82%。双胞胎和非婚生子女没有被随访。在剩下的人中，所有身为非手工和农业工作者的儿童、与1/4体力劳动者的儿童一起被随访，样本量为人。在2岁进行信息记录，包括房屋是否有浴室、热水系统、独立使用厨房和家庭人数。社会阶层基于被调查儿童的父亲在年（或年，如果不知道）的职业。根据父母的职业、教育和出身阶层，样本被分为四个社会组别。在定期随访至15岁时，报告阑尾切除术的发生情况，医院记录中验证。
The1cohortwasbasedonallbirthsinBritainduringoneweekinMarch1.Atotalof98.5%ofthesebirthswereincludedintheBritishperinatalmortalitysurveyandthesurvivorsfollowedupattheagesof7,11,and16years.34Informationabouthouseholdamenitieswasfirstrecordedattheage7.Socialclassoftheheadofthehouseholdwasrecordedatthetimeofbirth.Household北京那家医院治疗白癜风好北京中科医院骗人